Deploying Diversity for Resilience and Livelihoods

Project Summary

Countries: Ethiopia

Delivery Partner: Bioversity International

Principle Investigator: Dejene K. Mengistu, Alliance Bioversity International and CIAT

Evidence generation on the impact of Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) on the regeneration of local plant species, habitat restoration, and other ecosystem services improvements to ensure resilience and livelihood improvement.

 

Challenge

We aim at understanding i) the improvement brought by GLI on local plant species diversity, ecosystem services improvement, including local climate, ii) the impact of GLI on socioeconomic aspects of the local community, and iii) the perception of the local community on the positive and negative (if any) aspects of GLI to drive lessons on its sustainability and upscaling.

Insight

The project undertakes participatory discussions to understand the perception of the local community on GLI, species registry, and ecosystem improvement audits. In studied areas, planting one tree species has assisted natural regeneration of 7 to 10 local plant species, largely improved habitats, and restored degraded lands and ecosystem services. The benefits to the local community span from the moderation of local climate to increased agricultural productivity. The enhancement of water resources is remarkable. There are also jobs and employment opportunities created for the locals. An extremely positive attitude developed towards GLI, which triggered interest in local communities to protect natural resources through sustainable utilization. We learned that the integration of economic activities into the forest resources is quite important.

Collaboration

We collaborate with local community, regional, zonal, and district-level offices of environmental protection, climate change, and biodiversity to implement project activities, participate in capacity-building training sessions, and engage in discussions.

Our results generated so far imply that the climate-resilient green economy growth model of Ethiopia is fast achieving its biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services restoration objectives.

Dejene K. Mengistu, Alliance Bioversity International and CIAT

Dr Dejene K. Mengistu

Dr Dejene K. Mengistu, a scientist at the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, has a passion for enhancing the resilience and livelihood of the local community by working closely with them. His research focuses on deploying diversities for climate change adaptation, improving farm productivity and its diversity, and empowering the farming community through full participation in decision-making. Awareness creation through training and engaged discussion is his priority in his research areas. Dejene has published many journal articles, a book chapter, and books in his area of expertise.

 

Images show: 2) GLI assisted in the natural regeneration of local plant species 3) GLI supported restoration of degraded landscape 4) GLI improves habitat restoration for beneficial insects. Credit: Dejene K. Mengistu

Assessing Carbon Credits as a Sustainable Funding Mechanism for Participatory Forest Management in Tanzania

Project Summary

Countries: Tanzania

Project Partners: Bangor University

Principle Investigator: Dr. Kajenje Magessa Nkukurah, Sokoine University of Agriculture

Project Description

Tanzania is rich in biodiversity but faces rapid deforestation and severe poverty. Villages own 46% of forests, but resource limitations hinder effective management and deforestation continues apace. Carbon credits offer potential incentives for climate mitigation and biodiversity preservation, yet their applicability to village forests remains unproven at scale.

This project aims to collaborate closely with local communities to evaluate the feasibility of carbon credit schemes, considering costs, benefits and governance. Additionally, it will focus on capacity-building initiatives for village governments and stakeholders, empowering them to navigate carbon markets effectively. Through this approach, the project aims to harness the power of carbon markets to combat climate change, safeguard biodiversity, and alleviate poverty in Tanzania’s forested areas.

Photograph (detail): Laitche

Biodiversity Potential for Resilient Livelihoods in the Lower Omo, Ethiopia

Project Summary

Countries: Ethiopia

Delivery Partner: University of Leeds

Project Partners: Arba Minch University, Cool Ground

Principle Investigator: Dr Marta Gaworek-Michalczenia, University of Leeds

Project Description

The project will fill knowledge gaps and elucidate the potential for biodiversity to contribute to and improve livelihood security, adaptation to climate change, and resilience in Ethiopia’s new Tama Community Conservation Area (CCA), where there is a data paucity to manage from.

As the local communities hold rich traditional ecological knowledge, the project will combine systemic biodiversity monitoring with ethnobotany and ethnozoology qualitative data, to address the biodiversity-livelihoods knowledge gap. Datasets will then be input into population models with climate projections to explore future change in biodiversity and thus livelihoods.

The project will co-create management plans for the CCA with its staff, making them climate-resilient. Throughout all activities, capacity building will take place for continuing biodiversity monitoring and resilience assessment by CCA staff through linkages with AMU, so that the CCA can practice evidence-informed adaptive management in the future.

The main impact is to improve social-ecological resilience for beneficiaries in the Mursi, Bodi, Bacha, and Aari communities. The project will contribute to outcomes across the following strategic science principles – creating wide participation to support capacity building for the CCA and communities through robust data collection, sharing best practices and demonstrating what works to inform policy in the Tama CCA, but also other CCAs to inform their sustainable management.

Photograph (detail): Rod Waddington

CROSSROADS-SSA: Cataloguing and Rating of Opportunities for Side-lined Species in Restoration of Agriculturally Degraded Soils in Sub-Saharan Africa

Project Summary

Countries: Ethiopia

Delivery Partner: The University of Aberdeen

Project Partners: International Water Management Institute, CGIAR (IWMI), Central Ethiopia Agricultural Research Institute (CEARI), Hawassa University (HU)

Project Description

CROSSROADS-SSA will catalogue and test the use of “sidelined” or “underutilised” native plants to restore degraded soils in Ethiopia, characterising impacts on biodiversity, poverty alleviation, and climate adaptation and mitigation. Species include (1) local high-drought-tolerant varieties; (2) climate-resilient perennials; (3) nitrogen-fixing or phosphorus mobilising species; and (4) species that stabilise eroding banks.

Expected outcomes: Increased agricultural productivity and resilience to climate change through improved soil health; and increased biodiversity by increasing local value of native plants.

What will be achieved? Restoring degraded land by capturing more carbon in soils contributes to mitigation of climate change and increases infiltration and retention of water in the soil, so improving resilience to erosion, droughts and floods. By using underutilised plant species to do this, both above and below-ground biodiversity will be enhanced through increased use of indigenous crops, trees and shrubs to improve fertility and reinforce unstable soils. The extent of this and the consequent impacts on soils, biodiversity, poverty and climate adaptation will be fully quantified and understood.

Who will benefit? Low-income farmers in Ethiopia and across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), using resources that are already available on the farm (underutilised plant species) to improve productivity.

Photography (detail): A. Davey

EMBRACE: Engaging Local Communities on Endangered Trees and Minor Crops Utilization for Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Enrichment

Project Summary

Countries: Ghana, Kenya

Project Partners: AgroCircle, Kumasi-Ghana, Biodiversity Research Support Services, UK, iSLED, Kumasi-Ghana, Rowetwo Tree Nursery, West Pokot-Kenya

Principle Investigators: Dr Clement Oppong Peprah, Research Scientist, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute and Dr. Jeannette Aduhene-Chinbuah, Research Scientist, Head of the Plantain and Banana Section at CSIR–Crops Research Institute, Ghana and adjunct lecturer at KNUST.

Challenge 

EMBRACE responds to the pressing challenge of biodiversity loss and climate vulnerability in smallholder farming systems across Ghana and Kenya. Rural communities depend heavily on natural resources for food, income, and cultural identity, yet rapid deforestation, land degradation, and the neglect of underutilized crops and endangered tree species threaten their resilience. Traditional knowledge on sustainable land management is gradually being lost, while modern farming practices often overlook the importance of ecological balance. This creates a dual challenge: how to restore degraded ecosystems while also improving livelihoods in ways that are socially inclusive and climate-resilient. The project therefore seeks to bridge scientific evidence with community knowledge, developing agroforestry models and conservation strategies that safeguard genetic diversity, enhance ecosystem services, and ensure fair benefit-sharing.

Insight

Through ecological surveys and aerial mapping, EMBRACE has built a robust evidence base to understand the richness of species, the extent of land degradation, and the potential for restoration. This scientific foundation is being paired with community co-creation, where farmers, traditional leaders, and local institutions help design agroforestry farmstead models that integrate endangered tree species with underutilized food crops. These farmsteads not only safeguard genetic diversity but also provide sustainable livelihood opportunities through practices such as beekeeping, snail rearing, and mushroom cultivation.

 

Collaboration

EMBRACE thrives on strong partnerships that bridge science, policy, and community action. At its core, the collaboration between the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI) in Ghana, CSIR-Forestry Research Institute, the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), and the University of Eldoret in Kenya, ensures a cross-country exchange of expertise and experiences. These institutions provide scientific rigour, technical capacity, and policy engagement pathways to embed project findings into national strategies. Beyond research partners, the project works closely with local communities, traditional authorities, district-level Forestry and Agriculture offices, and smallholder farmer groups, ensuring co-creation and ownership of solutions.

With EMBRACE, we are together with local communities planting legacies. Every seed conserved, every degraded land restored, carries the promise of biodiversity, culture, and resilience for posterity.

Dr Clement Oppong Peprah, Principle Investigator, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute

Dr. Clement Oppong Peprah

Dr. Clement Oppong Peprah is a Research Scientist (Agronomist) at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI), Ghana. He co-leads the EMBRACE project, focusing on biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, and sustainable agroecosystems. His research spans food systems, agroforestry, and community-based adaptation strategies, with a strong emphasis on gender equality and social inclusion. Dr. Peprah has worked on multi-institutional projects across sub-Saharan Africa and contributed to policy dialogues on climate-smart agriculture. Passionate about bridging science and community action, he works to ensure that research translates into practical solutions for resilient livelihoods. He holds a PhD in Agricultural Science from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.

Dr. Jeanette Aduhene-Chinbuah

Dr. Jeannette Aduhene-Chinbuah is a Research Scientist and Head of the Plantain and Banana Section at CSIR–Crops Research Institute, Ghana, and an Adjunct Lecturer at KNUST. She co-leads the EMRACE Project, advancing biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, and sustainable agroecosystems. She earned a PhD in Biological Production Science (Soil Chemistry) from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, where she also served as Assistant Professor. Her work integrates science and practice to strengthen farming communities through food systems, agroforestry, and inclusive climate adaptation. With expertise in gender-responsive approaches, she contributes to multi-disciplinary projects and climate-smart agriculture policy.

Gestión Integrada de Tierras y Aguas del Sistema de Humedales del Gran Amanzule

País: Ghana Líder del proyecto: Universidad de Educación, Winneba – Ghana Resumen: El Humedal del Gran Amanzule (GAW) está amenazado por la minería artesanal, el cambio climático, las plantaciones de caucho y la agricultura de subsistencia, a pesar de su apoyo ecológico a la fauna y la flora. Las principales intervenciones se han centrado menos en los sistemas hidrológicos del SAM. Este proyecto pretende colmar esta laguna de conocimientos mediante paquetes de trabajo: análisis de los sistemas hidrológicos y los servicios ecosistémicos; agricultura climáticamente inteligente para los hogares; y desarrollo de herramientas de decisión e informes políticos para mejorar los esfuerzos de conservación. Los resultados previstos son i) mapas de uso del suelo y base de datos espaciales que indiquen las zonas de degradación significativa para informar sobre las actividades de restauración; ii) mapas hidrológicos e informes sobre el nivel de contaminación; iii) informe sobre los servicios ecosistémicos para comprender el beneficio ecosistémico de las VAG para los hogares y los retos que afectan a los servicios; iv) mejora de las actividades de subsistencia de más de 400 hogares que recibirán formación en apicultura, agrosilvicultura y viveros de especies autóctonas; v) mapas e informes que indiquen el paisaje restaurado; vi) herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para que los funcionarios del gobierno y las partes interesadas mejoren la planificación y las decisiones ecológicas; y vii) difusión de informes y notas sobre políticas. El objetivo último es ayudar a mejorar los medios de subsistencia de los hogares y los servicios ecosistémicos de la VAG bajo las crecientes presiones del hombre y el cambio climático. Asimismo, ayudar a Ghana a conservar sus humedales y mantener sus Contribuciones Nacionales Determinadas con respecto al carbono.

Utilizar la biodiversidad para apoyar medios de vida resilientes al clima en turberas tropicales intactas

Países: Perú, República del Congo y República Democrática del Congo Socio principal: Real Jardín Botánico de Kew, Reino Unido Resumen: Las turberas tropicales están amenazadas por el cambio climático y la presión humana. El reciente aumento de las graves inundaciones y sequías amenaza a las especies de las turberas y a los medios de subsistencia de las personas que dependen de ellas. En el sudeste asiático, la agricultura comercial intensiva ha degradado gravemente las turberas mediante el drenaje a gran escala y la conversión en plantaciones. Mientras tanto, las turberas del Amazonas y de la cuenca del Congo permanecen prácticamente intactas, pero están en peligro por la expansión de la agricultura y las nuevas infraestructuras. Proteger las turberas ricas en carbono de las cuencas del Amazonas y del Congo es vital para preservar la biodiversidad, apoyar los medios de subsistencia y mitigar el cambio climático. Este proyecto dará un paso adelante en la comprensión de (i) la biodiversidad de las turberas, (ii) la resistencia de las especies útiles de las turberas a sequías o inundaciones más frecuentes, y (iii) las oportunidades de utilizar la biodiversidad para apoyar los medios de subsistencia. Los resultados informarán a la política mediante la identificación de las especies en las que debería centrarse la gestión de las turberas.

Naturaleza

Países: Indonesia, Tanzania, Filipinas

Socio de ejecución: Instituto Internacional de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo

Resumen del proyecto: En estrecha colaboración con pequeños agricultores de Indonesia, Filipinas y Tanzania, el proyecto abordará la pérdida de agrobiodiversidad, que reduce las opciones de subsistencia y la resiliencia climática. Utilizando las últimas metodologías de coproducción de la investigación, mejorará las pruebas sobre cómo ampliar a escala mundial los sistemas de producción agrobiodiversos, inclusivos y resilientes. Construirá redes de investigación locales y vinculadas internacionalmente que mejoren el aprendizaje continuo a largo plazo y el apoyo a la capacidad en torno a las mejores prácticas con los pequeños productores, fomentando asociaciones multidisciplinares que aboguen eficazmente por mejores políticas, aprovechen las inversiones públicas y privadas e impulsen la transformación de la forma en que producimos alimentos, combustibles, fibras y medicinas que sean buenos para la naturaleza, el clima y los medios de vida.

Agroforestería multifuncional para Etiopía

Socio de ejecución: Centro Internacional de Investigación Agroforestal

Resumen del proyecto: El proyecto generará pruebas sobre cómo podrían mejorarse los sistemas de tierras altas en Etiopía para lograr un futuro más biodiverso que apoye la mejora de los medios de subsistencia y la reducción de la pobreza. Mediante la comparación de sistemas agroforestales tradicionales y modernos en cuatro regiones de Etiopía, el proyecto pondrá en práctica un conjunto de sistemas agroforestales multifuncionales basados en el conocimiento en granjas, zonas agrícolas y centros de recursos rurales modelo para promover la adopción de la agroforestería multifuncional. El proyecto generará herramientas escalables, enfoques, productos de conocimiento y desarrollo de capacidades para miles de agricultores de las tierras altas. También desarrollará una estrategia, asociaciones e infraestructuras para sentar las bases de una mayor restauración de tierras, protección de la biodiversidad, mitigación de la pobreza y mejora de la resiliencia de los ecosistemas.